Tài liệu A WINTER TOUR IN SOUTH AFRICA pptx

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CONTENTS.
THE VOYAGE.
—Embark at Southampton—
Amusements at Sea—Lisbon—Madeira—
Teneriffe—St. Helena—Longwood—
Arrival at
Cape Town
CAPE TOWN.
—Queen's Birthday—
Review of

Troops—Regatta—Table Bay—
Table
Mountain—Hotels—House of Parliament—
Observatory—South African Museum—
Public
Library—Botanic Gardens—Record Office—
Places of Worship—
Harbour Works and
Breakwater—Graving Dock—Simon's Town—
Kalk Bay—Constantia—Wynberg—Journey t
o
Kimberley

KIMBERLEY.
—
Address of Welcome from the
Fellows of the Royal Colonial Institute—
Diamond
Industry—Bultfontein Mine—DeBeer's Mine—
Compounds—United Companies—
Central
Kimberley Diamond Mine—
Kimberley
Hospital—Progress of Kimberley—Town Hall—
Post Office—High Court—Public Library—
Waterworks—En route for Bechuanaland—
Wagon Travelling—Warrenton—Drake's Farm

BECHUANALAND.
—Scenery—
Field for
Settlement—Vryburg—Lochnagar Farm—
Prospect of Gold Discovery

KLERKSDORP.
—Nooitgedacht Mine—
Pan
Washing—Klerksdorp Gold Estates Company—
Future of Klerksdorp

POTCHEFSTROOM.
—Wagon Journey—
Presence of Gold-bearing Reefs—Vultures—
Fort
and Cemetery—Chevalier Forssman

JOHANNESBURG.
—
Difficulties of
Travelling—Appearance of the Town—Gold—
Knights—The Jumpers—Robinson's—
Langlaagte—Descent to the Mines—
Market
Square—Growth of Johannesburg—
Sanitary
arrangements

Pg xii.
PRETORIA.
—Water Supply—
The
Volksraad—President Paul Kruger—
High Court
of Justice—Want of Railroads—
Growing
Prosperity—Post Office—
New Government
Buildings—Political and Social Life—
Pretoria
Races

WATERBURG.
—Polonia—Hebron—Salt
Pans—Kafirs—Appearance of the Country—
Prospects of Gold—Scarcity of Game—
Bush
Fire—Narrow Escape—Transport Driver—
Waterburg Sulphur Baths—Nylstroom Road—
Return to Pretoria

PRETORIA TO NATAL.
—
Coach to
Johannesburg—Post Cart Travelling—
Richmond—Heidelburg—Standerton—
Newcastle—Eland's Laagte—Natal Railway—
Coal Fields—Laing's Nek—Majuba Hill—
Ingogo—Scenery of Natal

MARITZBURG.
—Public Buildings—
House of
Assembly—Statue of the Queen—British Troops

DURBAN.
—Railway Journey—Town Hall—
Municipal arrangements—Trade—
Harbour
Works—The "Berea"—
Natal Central Sugar
Company's Manufactory—Trappist Establishment


PORT ELIZABETH.
—Trade—Town Hall—
Public Library—Ostrich Feathers—The "Hill"—
Botanical Garden—Hospital—Water Supply—
Churches—Presentation of an address

GRAHAMSTOWN.
—Railway Journey—
Scenery—Botanical Gardens—Mountain Road—
Museum—The Prison—Kafir School—
Ostrich
Farm at Heatherton Towers—Export of Feathers

PORT ELIZABETH TO CAPE TOWN.
—
Scenery—Hex River Pass—Arriva
l at Cape
Town—
Lecture at Young Men's Christian
Society—Start for England—
Arrival at
Southampton

CLIMATE.

THE NATIVE QUESTION.

RAILWAYS.

COLONISATION.

THE POLITICAL SITUATION.

APPENDIX:—

I.

Discussion on a Paper entitled "A Winter Tour
in South Africa," by Sir Frederick Young, at the
Royal Colonial Institute

II.

Lecture on Imperial Federation delivered at
Cape Town


Pg 1

THE VOYAGE.
On the 3rd of May last, I left Southampton in the s.s. Spartan for Cape Town. This
three weeks' ocean voyage has become one of the most enjoyable it is possible to take
by those who are seeking health or pleasure on the sea. The steamers of the great
companies, which carry on so admirably the weekly communication between England
and South Africa, are so powerful, handsome, and commodious, their captains and
crews are so attentive and obliging, their food and cabin accommodation so ample and
luxurious, that it seems impossible for anyone, excepting a confirmed grumbler, toPg
2 find any reasonable fault with any of their arrangements, where all are so good.
Passengers will select the particular vessel by which they desire to travel, rather by the
convenience of the date fixed for sailing, than from any particular choice of the name
of the steamer, either belonging to the Castle Mail Packet Company, the Union
Steamship Company, or any other line.
A sea voyage of the kind I have recently taken does not give opportunity for much
striking incident, or exciting variety. If restful and pleasant to those who are escaping
for a while from the bustle and turmoil of life on shore, it is at all events bound to be
somewhat monotonous, in spite of the many amusements which are daily arranged,
including cricket, tennis, quoits, concerts, dances, etc., of which I experienced a fair
share. On many occasions I was called upon to preside at concerts,Pg 3 lectures, etc.,
not only amongst the saloon passengers, but also in the third class cabin. A rough
voyage across the Bay of Biscay, a view of the Tagus, a brief run on shore to look at
the picturesque capital of Portugal, a gaze at the spot, which marks the memory of the
scene of the fearful earthquake of 1755, which destroyed most of the town, and 50,000
of its inhabitants; a short stay at the lovely island of Madeira, sufficient to glance at its
beautiful scenery, to breathe its balmy air, to taste its delicious fruits, and to land at its
pretty town of Funchal, to see some of its charming surroundings; a passing peep at
Teneriffe, which is now receiving so much attention in Europe as an attractive health
resort; a few days' run of exhausting heat through the tropics; a visit to Saint Helena,
enough to allow of a drive to Longwood, and a look at the room, where the first
NapoleonPg 4 breathed his last—leaving there the legacy of the shadow of a mighty
name to all time—on this "lonely rock in the Atlantic"; a few days more of solitary
sailing over a stormy sea, a daily look-out for whales, porpoises, dolphins, flying fish,
sharks, and albatrosses; a glance upward, night after night, into the starry sky, to gaze
on the Southern Cross, so much belauded, and yet so disappointing in its appearance,
after the extravagant encomiums lavished on it; and at length, on the early morning of
May 24, I safely reached Cape Town.


Pg 5

CAPE TOWN.
To produce the most favourable impression of any new place, it is essential that it
should be seen for the first time in fine weather. Places look so very different under a
canopy of cloud, and, perhaps, a deluge of rain, or when they are bathed in the
sunshine of a beautiful day. Happily for me, my first view of Cape Town was under
the latter genial aspect. I need scarcely say, that I was, in consequence, quite charmed
with my first sight of this celebrated town, the seat of Government of the Cape
Colony. What made the scene more than usually striking to a traveller, fresh from
thePg 6 sea, was, that it was the Queen's birthday, and the day dawned with a most
perfect specimen of "Queen's weather." Cape Town was literally en fête. The
inhabitants thronged the streets. I was astonished at the great variety of gay costumes
among the motley crowd—English, Dutch, Germans and French, Malays, Indian
Coolies, Kafirs, and Hottentots—a tremendous gathering, in fact, of all nations, and
"all sorts and conditions of men." There was a grand review of all the military
branches of the Service, in which His Excellency the Administrator, General Smyth,
surrounded by a brilliant staff, received the homage due to the British flag; and, as her
representative on this occasion, to Her Majesty's honoured name. The review was
followed by a regatta in the afternoon. It was quite refreshing to a new arrival, like
myself, to observe the enthusiastic evidences of loyal feeling everywhere exhibitedPg
7 in the capital of the Colony to our Queen, the beloved and venerated head of the
British Empire.

GOVERNMENT HOUSE, CAPE TOWN.
Before commencing my long and interesting tour "up country," I spent a few most
pleasant, days at Cape Town. My impressions of it, and of its beautiful surroundings,
could not fail to be most favourable. The panoramic view of its approach from Table
Bay, at the foot of Table Mountain, is very fine. The town itself appeared to me much
cleaner, and brighter than I expected to see it, although, it must be admitted, there is
still considerable room for improvement in its sanitary arrangements, and also in the
accommodation, and condition of its hotels, to make them as attractive as they ought
to be. The best of them do not come at all up to our standard at home, nor to our
English ideas of comfort and convenience. A great improvement in these respects, I
amPg 8 satisfied, is not only necessary, but would pay well, and induce a far larger
number of visitors to stay at Cape Town, and avail themselves of its attractions of
climate, and fine surroundings.
While I was at Cape Town, I visited among other places, the House of Parliament, the
Observatory, the South African Museum, the Public Library, the Botanic Gardens, &c.

PARLIAMENT HOUSE, CAPE TOWN.
The House of Parliament, which was opened for public use in 1885, is a very
handsome building, having a frontage of 264 feet, and is divided into a central portico,
leading into the grand vestibule, the two debating chambers, and side pavilions. The
portico, which is of massive dimensions, is approached by a commanding flight of
granite steps, which runs round three sides of it. The pavilions are relieved by groups
of pilasters with Corinthian capitals, and are surmounted by domes andPg
9 ventilators. The whole of the ground floor up to the level of the main floor has been
built of Paarl granite, which is obtained from the neighbouring district of that name.
The upper part of the building is of red brick, relieved by pilasters and window
dressing of Portland cement, the effect being very pleasing to the eye. The interior
accommodation for the business of the two Legislative bodies is most complete, and
arranged with a careful view to comfort and convenience. In addition to the Debating
Chambers, which are sixty-seven feet in length by thirty-six feet in width, there is a
lofty hall of stately appearance, with marble pillars, and tesselated pavement, which
forms the central lobby, or grand vestibule. I might mention, that the debating
chambers are only ten feet in length and width less than the British House of
Commons. Adjoining the central lobby is the parliamentary library, aPg 10 large
apartment, with galleries above each other reaching to the full height of the building.
The usual refreshment, luncheon, and smoking rooms have not been forgotten, in
connection with the comfort of the members. The public are accommodated in roomy
galleries, and ample provision has been made for ladies, distinguished visitors, and the
press. The portrait of Her Majesty, and the Mace at the table reminds one forcibly of
the fact that one is still in a portion of the British Empire. The total cost of the
building, including furniture, was £220,000.
I attended two or three debates in the House of Parliament, and was much impressed
with the manner in which, in this superb and commodious legislative chamber, the
discussions were carried on. There was a quiet dignity of debate, as well as business-
like capacity and orderly tone, observed on both sides of the House,Pg 11 which might
be copied with advantage, as it is in striking contrast to much of the practice, in the
Parliament of Great Britain. It is certainly satisfactory to notice, that the modern
manners and customs, in the popular branch of our own ancient national assembly,
which so frequently fail in orthodox propriety, have not been imitated in the Cape
Colony.
At the Record Office attached to the House of Parliament, I went into the vaults, and
inspected the early manuscripts of the Dutch, during their original occupation of the
Cape of Good Hope. These are most deeply and historically interesting, and valuable.
The minute accuracy, with which every incident is recorded is most remarkable. There
are bays in these vaults, filled with records, which must be of priceless value to an
historical student, and they are now in course of arrangement by the able librarian, Mr.
H.C.V.Pg 12 Leibbrandt, who is the author of a most interesting work entitled
"Rambles through the Archives of the Colony of the Cape of Good Hope."
[A]

At the South African Museum I found a valuable collection of beasts, birds, fishes,
&c., not only from South Africa, but from various parts of the world. The collection
has been enriched by valuable contributions from Mr. Selous, the distinguished
African traveller, and sportsman, his donations consisting chiefly of big game,
including two gigantic elands, (male and female), buffaloes, antelopes, &c. The series
of birds comprises the large number of two thousand species.
A visit of great interest to me was to the South African Public Library, which boasts
of about 50,000 volumes, and embraces every branch of science and literature. It
containsPg 13 three distinct collections, viz., the Dessinian, the Grey, and the Porter.
The first-named was bequeathed to the Colony in 1761 by Mr. Joachim Nicholas Von
Dessin, and consists of books, manuscripts and paintings. The Porter collection took
its name from the Hon. William Porter, and was purchased from the subscriptions
raised for the purpose of procuring a life-size portrait of that gentleman, in recognition
of his services to the Colony. As, however, Mr. Porter declined to sit for his portrait,
the amount subscribed was appropriated to the purchase of standard works, to be
known as the Porter Collection. By far the most valuable, however, is the Grey
Collection, numbering about 5,000 volumes, and occupying a separate room. These
were presented by Sir George Grey, Governor of the Cape Colony from 1854 to 1859,
and still an active member of the New Zealand House of Representatives. Here are
many rarePg 14 manuscripts, mostly on vellum or parchment, some of them of the
tenth century, in addition to a unique collection of works relating to South Africa
generally.
Among the places of worship in Cape Town the most important are St. George's
Cathedral, which was built in 1830, and is of Grecian style of architecture, and
accommodates about 1,200 persons; and the Dutch Reformed Church, which
possesses accommodation for 3,000 persons, and is not unappropriately named the
Colonial Westminster Abbey. Beneath its floors lie buried eight Governors of the
Colony, the last one being Ryk Tulbagh, who was buried in 1771.
No account of Cape Town would be complete without a reference to the important
Harbour Works, and Breakwater, which at once attract the attention of the visitor, and
which have been in course of erection for several yearsPg 15 past, from the designs of
Sir John Coode. These works have been of the greatest importance in extending, and
developing the commercial advantages of the port. The Graving Dock now named the
Robinson, after the late Governor, Sir Hercules Robinson, was formally opened during